{"id":228,"date":"2018-07-01t11:43:10","date_gmt":"2018-07-01t01:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/?page_id=228"},"modified":"2021-08-19t16:45:40","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19t06:45:40","slug":"knee-normal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/knee-normal\/","title":{"rendered":"knee normal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"228\" class=\"elementor elementor-228\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd2f69b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd2f69b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-30f72fe\" data-id=\"30f72fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a6aa87 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a6aa87\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb01f19\" data-id=\"eb01f19\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3413ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3413ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: 14pt;\">the technique below demonstrates how to identify normal anatomy. remember to assess all 2022年世界杯预选赛规则图解
 anatomy dynamically and thoroughly.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f9cb0e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f9cb0e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe3539b\" data-id=\"fe3539b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-539213f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"539213f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"divide_the_knee_into_4_compartments\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: 14pt;\">divide the knee into 4 compartments.<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><ul><li>anterior<\/li><li>medial<\/li><li>lateral<\/li><li>posterior<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36c98a05 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36c98a05\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3062932f\" data-id=\"3062932f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b6aa348 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1b6aa348\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2494124 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2494124\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3730284\" data-id=\"3730284\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2caa3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e2caa3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"anterior_knee\"><\/span>anterior knee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f78ea16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f78ea16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c7d714\" data-id=\"9c7d714\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99b46aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"99b46aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;toggle&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-99b46aa\" data-accordion-id=\"99b46aa\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1611\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1611\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanatomy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1611\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1611\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>the primary structures to examine anteriorly are:<\/p><p><strong>the quadricep muscles and tendon.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p>comprised of:<\/p><ol><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">rectus femoris (central and most superficial)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">vastus medialis (medial)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">vastus lateralis (lateral)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p>the tendons of these 4 muscles insert to the patella forming the quadricep tendon. the main central band of which is comprised of rectus femoris and vastus intermedius.<\/p><p>there is also a fascial insertion to the medial and lateral patello-femoral retinaculae (advanced technique)<\/p><p><em>the suprapatella recess (also called the suprapatellar bursa)<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">this is a pouch-like extension of the joint capsule extending superiorly from under the patella base to lie in the fat pad deep to the quadricep tendon.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>the pre-patella bursa<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>lies anterior to the apex (inferior) patella, overlying the patella tendon.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>patella tendon (also called patella ligament and infrapatella tendon)<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">runs in the midline from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is a continuation of the quadricep tendon.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>hoffa's fat pad (infrapatella fat pad)<\/em><\/p><p>a large trapezoid fat pad that lies deep to the patella tendon.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_18079\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18079\" style=\"width: 241px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18079\" src=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning-241x300.jpg\" alt=\"anterior knee anatomy. ref anatomylearning.com\" width=\"241\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning-241x300.jpg 241w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning.jpg 544w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18079\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">anterior knee anatomy. ref anatomylearning.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure id=\"attachment_18078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18078\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18078\" src=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-sagittal-slice-anatomylearning-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"anterior knee anatomy sagittal slice. ref anatomylearning.com\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" srcset=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-sagittal-slice-anatomylearning-300x177.jpg 300w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-sagittal-slice-anatomylearning-768x452.jpg 768w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/anterior-knee-anatomy-sagittal-slice-anatomylearning.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">anterior knee anatomy sagittal slice. ref anatomylearning.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1612\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1612\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpatient position\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1612\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1612\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366; font-size: 12pt;\">to scan the anterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">patient should be positioned either:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">supine with their knee slightly flexed. (support may be required)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">or<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">seated on the side of the bed, their foot on your knee.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">tip: the second position allows for controlled dynamic assessment better than when supine.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1613\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1613\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttechnique\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1613\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1613\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to examine the anterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p>longitudinal<\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">palpate the base (superior aspect) of the patella<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">place the probe in a longitudinal plane over the patella base.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">slide medially and laterally to examine the width of the anatomy.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>visualise the quadricep tendon, underlying fat pad, suprapatella joint recess and the femur.<\/p><p>transverse<\/p><ol><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">place the probe in a transverse plane at the patella<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">slide superiorly to the distal 1 third of the thigh.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p>visualise the quadricep muscle bellies and musculo-tendinous junctions. also the underlying fat pad, suprapatella joint recess and the femur.<\/p><p>tip: if the patient can activate their quadriceps (pull knee flatter), a joint effusion may be more evident.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1614\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1614\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnormal appearances\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1614\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1614\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">normal ultrasound appearance of the anterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p><em>quadricep tendon and suprapatellar recess<\/em><\/p><p>transverse:<\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">as seen in the image below, the quadricep muscles should be clearly visible as independent structures. rectus femoris the most superficial, midline and ovoid. each should be hypoechoic with interspersed echogenic lines.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">closer to the patella, the quadricep tendon should be an echogenic flat oval with a hypoechoic underlying fat pad.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">no fluid, or only a thin trace should be visible in the normal patient.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>longitudinal:<\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">the quadricep tendon should be echogenic, fibrillar and tight (if there is any knee flexion). it should taper towards the patella.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><em>infrapatella tendon<\/em><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">longitudinal: echogenic, homogeneous and fibrillar.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">transverse: specular and echogenic. approximately 3cm wide<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>hoffa's fat pad<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">hypoechoic.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">slightly heterogeneous.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">low\/no vascularity on colour doppler.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1615\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1615\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhat to look for?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1615\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1615\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is it the quadricep tendon intact?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is there any bony irregularity of the patella or femur?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is there fluid in the suprapatella recess? if yes, simple or complex?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is there synovial thickening +\/- vascularity of the suprapatella recess?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is the patella tendon intact, homogeneous, avascular (it should be)? is it tight with 45degrees flexion?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">is hoffa's fat pad normal?<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52e0eac7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52e0eac7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5147945a\" data-id=\"5147945a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-561cc35 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"561cc35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-471d78d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"471d78d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>transverse scan plane for the quadriceps<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-443c6cec\" data-id=\"443c6cec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2261b94e elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"2261b94e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55a5dc09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55a5dc09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>transverse suprapatella region:<\/p><p>\u2022rf: rectus femoris \u2022vi: vastus intermedius<\/p><p>\u2022vl: vastus lateralis \u2022vm: vastus medialis<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29b1aae2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29b1aae2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b02443d\" data-id=\"5b02443d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fd9a61d elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"4fd9a61d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61e8699 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61e8699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>suprapatella scan plane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-378cfe3b\" data-id=\"378cfe3b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7962089a elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"7962089a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16c1051f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16c1051f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>longitudinal suprapatella region showing the suprapatella bursa and quadriceps tendon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-498dbcdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"498dbcdf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cddedca\" data-id=\"1cddedca\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38611fe elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"38611fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df7a949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3df7a949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>prepatella scan plane<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e9439fc\" data-id=\"4e9439fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192a3d3c elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"192a3d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e2b9639 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e2b9639\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>to avoid loss of contact, use plenty of thick gel or a standoff.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-34071a15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"34071a15\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-449b623c\" data-id=\"449b623c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-366f17df elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"366f17df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41e66529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41e66529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>infrapatella scan plane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b45d5e9\" data-id=\"5b45d5e9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e0c324 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"46e0c324\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec53473 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec53473\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>the infrapatella tendon.<\/p><p>also called the patella ligament.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5feddc01 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5feddc01\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17408f11\" data-id=\"17408f11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dc2483d elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"3dc2483d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e6338a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e6338a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>the insertion of the infrapatella tendon onto the tibial tuberosity. note: the normal physiological amount of fluid along the underside of the tendon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b8f57bc\" data-id=\"5b8f57bc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64bd610 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"64bd610\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7147fb17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7147fb17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>transverse infrapatella tendon. note how wide it is, to then have an understanding of the area you need to examine in longitudinal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26ec683 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26ec683\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f924d7\" data-id=\"3f924d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98cccd9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"98cccd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cb037 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cb037\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-313963e\" data-id=\"313963e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e8ba1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e8ba1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"medial_knee\"><\/span>medial knee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa9205 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8aa9205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>medial collateral ligament (mcl) &#8211; joint space\/meniscus &#8211; pes anserinus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e546d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e546d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea68e6a\" data-id=\"ea68e6a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e83bcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"9e83bcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;toggle&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-9e83bcf\" data-accordion-id=\"9e83bcf\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1661\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanatomy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1661\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1661\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_18161\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18161\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18161\" src=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/medial-knee-labelled-anatomylearning-300x295.jpg\" alt=\"medial knee anatomy labelled. ref anatomylearning.com\" width=\"300\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/medial-knee-labelled-anatomylearning-300x295.jpg 300w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/medial-knee-labelled-anatomylearning.jpg 692w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">medial knee anatomy labelled. ref: anatomylearning.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><strong>the primary structures to examine medially are:<\/strong><\/p><p><em>medial collateral ligament (mcl).\u00a0<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">runs from the medial femoral epicondyle to the metaphyseal aspect of the antero-medial tibia.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2 bands: deep layer inserts to the meniscus. superficial layer to the tibia.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">may be a small bursa between them at the joint.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>medial joint space and meniscus<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">only the superficial meniscal surface is visible.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>pes anserine tendon and bursa<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">common distal insertion of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosis muscles. (<strong>tip:<\/strong> remember the tendons as sargent -sgt)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">the pes tendons cross over the medial collateral ligament just before it's insertion.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">there is the pes anserine bursa deep to the pes insertion.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1662\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1662\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpatient position\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1662\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1662\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to scan the anterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p>patient should be positioned either:<\/p><ul><li>supine with their knee slightly flexed and externally rotated (support may be required)<\/li><li>seated on the side of the bed, their foot on your knee.<\/li><\/ul><p>tip: the second position allows for controlled dynamic assessment better than when supine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1663\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1663\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttechnique\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1663\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1663\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to examine the medial knee:<\/span><\/p><p>longitudinal<\/p><ul><li>palpate the medial femoral epicondyle.<\/li><li>place the middle of the probe in a longitudinal plane <strong>on<\/strong> the epicondyle. (heel of the probe directed towards the medial malleolus)<\/li><li>the mcl origin should be in the centre of your image.<\/li><li>slide the probe distally, following the mcl to it's insertion. (enroute, assess the joint\/meniscus).<\/li><li>at the distal mcl insertion, rotate the probe in the direction of the medial hamstring tendons (semi-tendinosis) to visualise the pes anserinus tendon, bursa and insertion.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1664\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1664\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnormal appearances\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1664\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1664\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">normal ultrasound appearance of the anterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p><em>quadricep tendon and suprapatellar recess<\/em><\/p><p>transverse:<\/p><ul><li>as seen in the image below, the quadricep muscles should be clearly visible as independent structures. rectus femoris the most superficial, midline and ovoid. each should be hypoechoic with interspersed echogenic lines.<\/li><li>closer to the patella, the quadricep tendon should be an echogenic flat oval with a hypoechoic underlying fat pad.<\/li><li>no fluid, or only a thin trace should be visible in the normal patient.<\/li><\/ul><p>longitudinal:<\/p><ul><li>the quadricep tendon should be echogenic, fibrillar and tight (if there is any knee flexion). it should taper towards the patella.<\/li><\/ul><p>infrapatella tendon<\/p><ul><li>longitudinal: echogenic, homogeneous and fibrillar.<\/li><li>transverse: specular and echogenic. approximately 3cm wide<\/li><\/ul><p>hoffa's fat pad<\/p><ul><li>hypoechoic.<\/li><li>slightly heterogeneous.<\/li><li>low\/no vascularity on colour doppler.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1665\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1665\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhat to look for?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-1665\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-1665\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>is it the mcl intact?<\/li><li>is the mcl origin thickened, hypoechoic or hyperaemic?<\/li><li>is there any bony irregularity of the medial joint.<\/li><li>is the meniscus bulging, irregular or have any cysts?<\/li><li>is the pes anserine tendon intact and fibrillar.<\/li><li>is there fluid in the pes anserine bursa?<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54bb32c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54bb32c5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48bcd897\" data-id=\"48bcd897\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ad89623 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"2ad89623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61145740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61145740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>medial knee joint scan plane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-710f2ff4\" data-id=\"710f2ff4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ccb32a0 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"3ccb32a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1424ee15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1424ee15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>the medial collateral ligament (green) directly overlying the medial meniscus (purple).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-347b974c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"347b974c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48b1a384\" data-id=\"48b1a384\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6204151e elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"6204151e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b166a5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b166a5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>pes anserinus scan plane.<\/p><p>the pes anserine bursa and tendon insertion are medial to the infrapatella tendon on the tibia, adjacent to the mcl insertion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76093a7\" data-id=\"76093a7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ad5d7a9 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"1ad5d7a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-333bdb41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"333bdb41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>remember the pes anserine tendons as (sargent) sgt:<\/p><p>sartorius, gracilis and semi-tendinosis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f112020 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f112020\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b9a996\" data-id=\"3b9a996\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7150686 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7150686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ae6d24 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ae6d24\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bcda54a\" data-id=\"bcda54a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdca46e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fdca46e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lateral_knee\"><\/span>lateral knee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a8edd2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a8edd2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-61142c4\" data-id=\"61142c4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-548ca33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"548ca33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;toggle&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-548ca33\" data-accordion-id=\"548ca33\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8861\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8861\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanatomy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8861\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8861\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_18204\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18204\" style=\"width: 249px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18204\" src=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lateral-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning-249x300.jpg\" alt=\"lateral knee anatomy labelled ref anatomylearning.com\" width=\"249\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lateral-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning-249x300.jpg 249w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lateral-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning.jpg 491w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 249px) 100vw, 249px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18204\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">anatomy of the lateral knee. ref anatomylearning.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure id=\"attachment_18203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18203\" style=\"width: 297px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18203\" src=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/postero-lateral-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomy-learning-297x300.jpg\" alt=\"anatomy of the postero-lateral knee. ref anatomylearning.com\" width=\"297\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/postero-lateral-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomy-learning-297x300.jpg 297w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/postero-lateral-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomy-learning.jpg 544w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 297px) 100vw, 297px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">anatomy of the postero-lateral knee. ref anatomylearning.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><strong>the primary structures to examine laterally are:<\/strong><\/p><p><em>lateral collateral ligament (lcl).\u00a0<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">runs from the lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>lateral joint space and meniscus<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">only the superficial meniscal surface is visible.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>ilio-tibial band (itb)<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">passes over the lateral femoral eipcondyle.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">inserts to the lateral aspect of the tibia.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">most superficial structure beneath the subcutaneous fat.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>biceps femoris tendon<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">the lateral hamstring.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">inserts to the fibula (with slips to the tibia and fascia.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>popliteus<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">lies deep to the lcl.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">runs transversely from the posterior\u00a0 tibia to the lateral femur with some fibres to the meniscus.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8862\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8862\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpatient position\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8862\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8862\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to scan the lateral knee:<\/span><\/p><p>patient should be positioned either:<\/p><ul><li>supine with their knee slightly flexed.<\/li><\/ul><p>or<\/p><ul><li>seated on the side of the bed, their foot on your knee.<\/li><\/ul><p>tip: the second position allows for controlled dynamic assessment better than when supine.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8863\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8863\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttechnique\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8863\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8863\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to examine the lateral knee:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>palpate the lateral femoral epicondyle.<\/li><li>place the middle of the probe in a longitudinal plane <strong>on<\/strong> the epicondyle. (heel of the probe directed towards the medial malleolus)<\/li><li>the lcl origin should be in the centre of your image.<\/li><li>slide the probe distally, following the lcl to it's insertion on the fibula. (enroute, assess the joint\/meniscus).<\/li><li>at the distal lcl insertion, rotate the probe in the direction of the lateral hamstring tendon (bicep femoris) to visualise the insertion.<\/li><li>return to the joint and assess the itb insertion.<\/li><li>follow the itb proximally to the distal thigh.<\/li><\/ul><p>tip: the lcl is best assessed with minimal knee flexion, sometimes with the knee fully extended.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8864\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8864\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnormal appearances\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8864\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8864\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">normal ultrasound appearance of the lateral knee:<\/span><\/p><p><em>lateral collateral ligament (lcl)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>separated from the meniscus by a thin layer of fat\/connective tissue. underlying fat pad.<\/li><li>echogenic fibrillar architecture (the entire length is rarely seen in one plane)<\/li><\/ul><p><em>ilio-tibial band<\/em><\/p><ul><li>very thin, broad fascia at the level of the femoral epicondyle.<\/li><li>echogenic wide footprint at the tibial insertion.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>popliteus<\/em><\/p><ul><li>oval tendon similar in appearance to the bicep in the shoulder.<\/li><li>lies deep to the lcl on the femur.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>biceps femoris<\/em><\/p><ul><li>echogenic fibrillar tendon.<\/li><li>inserting just posterior to the lcl<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8865\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8865\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhat to look for?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-8865\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-8865\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>is it the lcl intact?<\/li><li>is there any bony irregularity of the lateral joint.<\/li><li>is the meniscus bulging, irregular or have any cysts?<\/li><li>is the biceps femoris tendon intact and fibrillar.<\/li><li>is there fluid around the popliteus tendon?<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-688e69af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"688e69af\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-336a83dd\" data-id=\"336a83dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-160ac376 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"160ac376\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-271b10e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"271b10e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>lateral knee joint scan plane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-76c3f14b\" data-id=\"76c3f14b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc2138b elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"dc2138b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a84fdd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a84fdd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>assess the lateral collateral ligament, ilio-tibial band insertion and peripheral margins of the lateral meniscus. unlike the medial side, the lcl is separated from the meniscus by a thin tissue plane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42991ed7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"42991ed7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28b85631\" data-id=\"28b85631\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ddf91f elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"7ddf91f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75b61232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"75b61232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ilio-tibial band.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16121408\" data-id=\"16121408\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fcf92f elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"7fcf92f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d26edc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d26edc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>rotate the probe off the lcl, with the toe of the probe angled slightly posteriorly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d29378b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d29378b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-773a24e\" data-id=\"773a24e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f16f19 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6f16f19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f038bd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f038bd9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5070cc1\" data-id=\"5070cc1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a867ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a867ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"posterior_knee\"><\/span>posterior knee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e564b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e564b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6090f98\" data-id=\"6090f98\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eadba4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-advanced-accordion\" data-id=\"1eadba4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;accordion_type&quot;:&quot;toggle&quot;,&quot;toggle_speed&quot;:300}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-advanced-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-advanced-accordion pp-toggle-icon-align-right\" id=\"pp-advanced-accordion-1eadba4\" data-accordion-id=\"1eadba4\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3211\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3211\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanatomy\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3211\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3211\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_18266\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18266\" style=\"width: 236px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18266\" src=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/posterior-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"ultrasound anatomy of the posterior knee ref anatomylearning.com\" width=\"236\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/posterior-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning-236x300.jpg 236w, \/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/posterior-knee-anatomy-labelled-anatomylearning.jpg 544w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18266\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ultrasound anatomy of the posterior knee (popliteal fossa). ref anatomylearning.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><strong>the primary structures to examine posteriorly are:<\/strong><\/p><p><em>semimembranosus gastrocnemial bursa (baker's cyst).\u00a0<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">medial popliteal fossa<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">between the head of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the sembranosus tendon.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">usually descends the calf but may ascend.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>popliteal artery and vein<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">there are also several muscular vessels joining\/arising from the deep vessels in the popliteal fossa<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>nerves<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">sciatic nerve branches into the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve approximately 5cm above the knee crease<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><em>hamstring tendons<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">the lateral hamstring.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">biceps femoris laterally.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3212\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3212\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpatient position\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3212\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3212\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to scan the posterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p>patient should be positioned either:<\/p><ul><li>prone.<\/li><li>place a support under the patient's ankle(s)<\/li><\/ul><p>or<\/p><ul><li>seated on the side of the bed, their foot on your knee.<\/li><\/ul><p>tip: the second position allows for controlled dynamic assessment better than when prone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3213\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3213\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttechnique\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3213\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3213\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">to examine the posterior knee:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>place the probe transversely across the knee crease.<\/li><li>slide proximally and distally observing the neurovascular bundle.<\/li><li>check the compressibility of the popliteal vein<\/li><li>use colour doppler to confirm patency.<\/li><li>slide medially looking for a baker's cyst.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3214\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3214\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tnormal appearances\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3214\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3214\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\">normal ultrasound appearance of the posterior knee:<\/span><\/p><p><em>lateral collateral ligament (lcl)<\/em><\/p><ul><li>fibrillar architecture.<\/li><li>less echogenic than the mcl.<\/li><li>may have a slight dip distally as the biceps femoris tendon crosses.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>popliteal vessels<\/em><\/p><ul><li>veins should be entirely compressible.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>uniform diameter popliteal artery, (no aneurysm).<\/li><li>flow seen in both artery\/vein on colour doppler<\/li><\/ul><p><em>medial popliteal fossa<\/em><\/p><ul><li>if a baker's cyst is present, is it simple\/complex?<\/li><\/ul><p><em>posterior joint<\/em><\/p><ul><li>is there fluid in the intercondylar notch?<\/li><\/ul><p><em>biceps femoris tendon<\/em><\/p><ul><li>echogenic fibrillar tendon.<\/li><li>inserting just posterior to the lcl<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3215\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-title\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3215\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twhat to look for?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-accordion-toggle-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-close pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='pp-accordion-toggle-icon-open pp-icon'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pp-accordion-tab-content-3215\" class=\"pp-accordion-tab-content\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"pp-accordion-tab-title-3215\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><ol><li>are the hamstring tendons intact and fibrillar.<\/li><li>is there fluid around the popliteus tendon?<\/li><li>any popa aneurysm?<\/li><li>is there any thrombosis.<\/li><li>any baker's cyst?<\/li><li>any neuroma?<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-370e00f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"370e00f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fcf5bf7\" data-id=\"7fcf5bf7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-524ce745 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"524ce745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70b53997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70b53997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>popliteal fossa scan plane<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ac4c5ea\" data-id=\"1ac4c5ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bd4a3ed elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"2bd4a3ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-741060ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"741060ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>medial aspect of the popliteal fossa showing the semimembranosus\/gastrocnemius plane.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-137a6f30 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"137a6f30\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2137e066\" data-id=\"2137e066\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44ef856e elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"44ef856e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28b3514f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28b3514f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ultrasound of the popliteal vein and artery in transverse.<\/p><p>without and with compression to exclude dvt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ac80446\" data-id=\"5ac80446\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d0e2217 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"4d0e2217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26fca359 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26fca359\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>confirm both arterial and venous flow and exclude a popliteal artery aneurysm. if a popliteal aneurysm is discovered, always extend the examination to the other leg and the abdomen. there is a risk of bilateral and high association with aortic aneurysm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bcf23ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bcf23ab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-37521b5\" data-id=\"37521b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-516f3211 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 pp-video-gallery-content-below-video elementor-widget elementor-widget-pp-video-gallery\" data-id=\"516f3211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"pp-video-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-gallery-container pp-video-gallery-grid\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-gallery-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-gallery elementor-grid\" data-action=\"lightbox\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-grid-item-wrap elementor-grid-item filter-\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-play\" data-fancybox=\"video-gallery-516f3211\" href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/469651369\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-media-overlay pp-video-overlay\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-player\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pp-video-thumb\" src=\"https:\/\/i.vimeocdn.com\/video\/977782566-48b594713d1b8bf38fbe91602fa7b7fafb9066aeb170ed884a9afa02fd26c64f-d_840\" alt=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"pp-video-play-icon pp-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-play-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-content-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcommon peroneal nerve\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"pp-video-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tscanning in transverse, follow the sciatic nerve as it bifurcates into the tibial and common peroneal (fibular)nerves approximately 5cm above the knee crease.\nthe common peroneal nerve can be then be tracked laterally to the head of the fibula.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f433caf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f433caf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4622671\" data-id=\"4622671\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45672de elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"45672de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cb36586 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4cb36586\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f1a79ef\" data-id=\"6f1a79ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e438b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7e438b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77be609a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77be609a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">scan protocol<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17534823 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17534823\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65bf4871\" data-id=\"65bf4871\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48c322cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"48c322cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"role_of_ultrasound\"><\/span>role of ultrasound<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>ultrasound is essentially used for the external structures of the knee. ultrasound is a valuable diagnostic tool in assessing the following indications; muscular, tendinous and ligamentous damage (chronic and acute) bursitis joint effusion popliteal vascular pathology haematomas masses such as baker\u2019s cysts, lipomas classification of a mass eg solid, cystic, mixed post surgical complications eg abscess, oedema guidance of injection, aspiration or biopsy relationship of normal anatomy and pathology to each other. some bony pathology<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-729382a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"729382a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-673f4438\" data-id=\"673f4438\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f7a8c28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f7a8c28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"limitations\"><\/span>limitations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>it is recognised that ultrasound offers little or no diagnostic information for internal structures such as the cruciate ligaments. ultrasound is complementary with other modalities, including plain x-ray, ct, mri and arthroscopy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72212e46 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72212e46\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d4d1cc0\" data-id=\"6d4d1cc0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44225863 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44225863\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"patient_preparation\"><\/span>patient preparation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul><li>none required.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d19cd20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d19cd20\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd354c6\" data-id=\"5cd354c6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b1e8b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17b1e8b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"equipment_setup\"><\/span>equipment setup<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>use of a high resolution probe (7-15mhz) is essential when assessing the superficial structures of the knee. careful scanning technique to avoid anisotropy (and possible misdiagnosis). beam steering or compounding can help to overcome anisotropy in linear structures such as tendons. good colour \/ power \/ doppler capabilities when assessing vessels or vascularity of a structure. be prepared to change frequency output of probe (or probes) to adequately assess both superficial and deeper structures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e38d500 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e38d500\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2776e27d\" data-id=\"2776e27d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-143cf772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"143cf772\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"common_pathology\"><\/span>common pathology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul><li>joint effusion<\/li><li>bakers cyst<\/li><li>collateral ligament injury<\/li><li>patella tendinopathy<\/li><li>meniscal bulging\/cysts<\/li><li>quadriceps injury<\/li><li>pes anserine bursitis\/tendinopathy<\/li><li>patella retinaculum pathology<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d534eef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d534eef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f354317\" data-id=\"1f354317\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12808281 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"12808281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74f17ed9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"74f17ed9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6fe38663\" data-id=\"6fe38663\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7687302b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7687302b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">scanning technique<\/h1>\n<div>\n<p><strong>posterior fossa<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>patient prone on bed, knee flexed slightly with a pad under the ankle for support. survey the entire fossa to identify the normal anatomy, including; popliteal artery and vein (patency. aneurysm, thrombosis) posterior joint (joint effusion) medial popliteal fossa bursa between semi-membranosus tendon and medial gastrocnemius muscle] (baker\u2019s cyst) document the normal anatomy and any pathology found, including measurements and vascularity if indicated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>anterior knee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>patient lies supine on bed with knee flexed 20 &#8211; 30 degrees. alternatively patient may sit on the side of a raised bed with foot resting on sonographer\u2019s knee for support. identify the normal anatomy, including: quadriceps tendon (tears, m\/t junction, tendonitis) suprapatella bursa (bursitis-simple\/complex, synovial thickening, loose bodies) patella (gross changes eg erosion, bipartite, fracture) patella tendon (tears, tendonitis, insertion enthesopathy) infrapatella bursa (tendonosis, tears, bursitis, fat pad changes) infero-medial &#8211; pes anserine bursa<\/p>\n<p><strong>lateral and medial knee<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>may be scanned as above. assess the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and meniscal margins. joint lines (ligament tears or thickening, meniscal bulging\/cysts, joint effusion, gross bony changes)<\/p>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-415edc3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"415edc3a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ef4d2b\" data-id=\"4ef4d2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3381f48c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3381f48c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b0a4ffa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b0a4ffa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aa82421\" data-id=\"1aa82421\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25a322d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"25a322d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"imaging\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27dda4c1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27dda4c1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-325a0cd9\" data-id=\"325a0cd9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a2ea151 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a2ea151\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"basic_hardcopy_imaging\"><\/span>basic hardcopy imaging<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>a knee series should include the following minimum images;<\/p><ul><li>quadriceps tendon &#8211; long, trans +\/- mt junction<\/li><li>\u00a0suprapatella bursa<\/li><li>\u00a0pre patella &#8211; long<\/li><li>\u00a0patella tendon &#8211; long, trans, insertion onto tibial tuberosity<\/li><li>\u00a0medial meniscus and mcl<\/li><li>\u00a0lateral meniscus and lcl<\/li><li>\u00a0popliteal artery and vein to demonstrate patency<\/li><li>\u00a0medial popliteal fossa<\/li><li>\u00a0document the normal anatomy and any pathology found, including measurements and vascularity if indicated.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>the technique below demonstrates how to identify normal anatomy. remember to assess all 2022年世界杯预选赛规则图解
 anatomy dynamically and thoroughly. divide the knee into 4 compartments. anterior medial lateral posterior anterior knee anatomy the primary structures to examine anteriorly are: the quadricep muscles and tendon.\u00a0 comprised of: rectus femoris (central and most superficial) vastus medialis (medial) vastus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-228","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228","targethints":{"allow":["get"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/228\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.iolishoes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}